Bearings or bushings consist of a moving part that slides over a surface or a shaft that moves inside an enclosed surface. There are many different applications for this in machinery, furniture, mechanical devices etc. The bushing also needs to be load-bearing and provide a smooth movement so that the machinery functions well.
Plastic bushings are very effective in machinery or situations where corrosion resistance is required. The automobile industry, office equipment, sports and recreational machines, chemical, food and beverages processing industries etc are all areas where plastic bushings are used. Since plastic is also hard-wearing and non-conductive, its use in electrical and chemical applications is unmatched. It is also resistant to break-down by exposure to water, high/low temperatures, wear and tear by abrasion or friction, does not burn but melts down and provides a smooth, even surface. The plastics used for bushings are usually compounds of different types of resins mixed into a fiber base. The manufacturing process involves injection molding and this is extremely well suited for production on a mass scale, since it is very quick and cost-effective. Even customized or bespoke orders can be turned out in this way without much delay.
There are three broad types of plastic bushings which are used:
Dry or Self-Lubricating Thermoplastic: Typically used in areas where higher speed and lower friction is present, like in copying machines, lifts/elevators or automobile industries, food-processing, sports equipment, etc. where temperature-resistance and load-bearing capacity are of prime importance. Thermoplastic materials are very cost-effective, resistant to rust, corrosion and water, they are also highly durable and non-conducting. Their resistance to aggressive solvents, chemicals and salts makes them suitable for use in the food and medical manufacturing industries. Different varieties like flat, flanged and thrust washer types are available for different applications.
Layered Filament Bushings: These are heavy duty bushings with an inner layer of wound filaments which is surrounded by a glass-reinforced epoxy resin layer. This makes the bushings highly suitable for heavy load bearing, high impact, high wear and tear applications and also in industries where great resistance to chemicals is required. Packaging, fork lifts, construction arms, port and cargo lifts, cranes and other handling machines are all areas where such bushings can be used. They also have low friction features which make them highly durable.
Composite: are manufactured out of a combination of metals and polymers and have self-lubricating properties. These are used in heavy duty applications and chemical industries, steel and metallurgy applications where high temperature ranges are combined with high levels of chemicals. The metal inner layer provides strength and durability while the polymer or plastic layer is useful for reducing the friction and providing resistance to heat and chemicals. Metals like bronze or brass are used, while polymers like PTFE are used as a coating film.
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