End caps or pipe-end caps are used to cover or finish the open ends of tubes and pipes to prevent damage to the ends, injury to those who accidentally brush against them and also to give a neat finish to pipes and tubes. They also protect pipes which have threaded ends and prevent scratches, chipping and cracks to the ends. They may be in different designs for different applications. For instance, there are vented end caps to prevent pressure build-up inside the pipe, threaded caps with domed heads for better finish, flexible rubber or silicone caps to provide good grip and tamper-proof or tamper-evident caps to indicate that hazardous materials like gases are being transported.

Some of the materials used for manufacturing end caps are: stainless steel, carbon steel, electroplated zinc, brass, aluminum, high and low density polyethylene, rubber and rubber compounds, silicone, PVC, molded plastics etc.

Designs can vary according to function. Some end caps may have additional inside gaskets to provide better sealing, while others are push-fitted and easily removable when they're used to finish the exposed ends of a tube in a shelving display. They may also have pull-off tabs, vents etc.

Some of the end caps used are:

Dished end cap: Used extensively in electrical applications, the dished end looks elegant and is made of corrosion and temperature resistant metals which are non-conducting.

Molded: Made of hard, durable plastics or plastic compounds, these caps are available in a variety of thicknesses, sizes and colors.

Flexible: These caps can be stretched over the exposed end and provide very good grip to protect the tube or pipe during storage and transportation. They are also easy to fix since they can be push-fit onto the pipe end. Special functions like grease-fitting or lubrication-fitting end caps help to prevent dirt and moisture from damaging the grease or lubrication fittings.

Washer type: These are slid over hoses to prevent the hose from sliding over the fittings. Similarly, double sided lateral end caps are used in various industrial applications.

Tear-tab: are made of low density plastics and have a tear-off tab for easy removal. The tab also provides tamper-evidence.

Flanged: These caps are designed for fixing and removal both manually and by automated process. They provide a secure grip to threaded or O-ring ends and are made of flexible low density polyethylene.

Special shapes: hexagonal or square end caps are used to finish or cover hexagonal or square pipe ends.

Tapered: when working with pipe ends that have different inner and outer diameters, the tapered design can either be inserted or fitted over the pipe ends. They prevent dirt and debris from entering and also protect against corrosion and moisture.

Depending on your needs and requirements, you can purchase the appropriate end caps from your local hardware store or order them on-line from manufacturers.

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